The female reproductive system consists of the paired ovaries and ovarian ducts (Fallopian tubes), the uterus, the vagina and structures associated with the vestibule of the vagina.

In response to increased secretion of follicle stimulating hormone, on approximately a monthly basis during a woman`s reproductive years, one or more follicles within one or both of the ovaries enlarge and mature. On about the fourteenth day of the menstrual cycle, the follicle ruptures releasing follicular fluid and an ovum into the pelvic cavity. Normally the ovum is swept into the ampulla of an ovarian duct by the action of the fimbriae, small finger-like projections which surround the entrance to the ampulla.
The remnants of the ruptured ovarian follicle are converted into a corpus luteum which secretes progesterone. If pregnancy does not occur, the corpus luteum later degenerates into a light scar called the corpus albicans.

Fertilization of the ovum, if it is to take place, usually occurs within the ovarian duct. The fertilized ovum is swept into the uterus and embeds in the endometrium of the uterine fundus or the uterine body. If pregnancy does not occur, the endometrium will degenerate and be shed at menstruation. If pregnancy does occur, the endometrium thickens and develops a rich blood supply to support the growing embryo. External to the endometrium is the myometrium, the muscular layer of the uterus. At the time of giving birth, the myometrium pushes the fetus through the narrow ostium of the uterine cervix and into the vagina.

At the vestibule, the external opening of the vagina, are several glands called Bartholin`s glands, which help to lubricate the vagina. The vestibule of the vagina is covered by two folds of tissue, the inner labia minor and outer labia major. Enclosed within the labia and anterior to the external urinary meatus is the clitoris. The clitoris is composed of erectile tissue and is analogous to the male penis.

English - Japanese Glossary

ovary: 卵巣 (ransou); fimbriae: 卵管采 (rankansai); fallopian tube: 卵管 (rankan); ampulla: 卵管膨大部 (rankanboudaibu); uterus: 子宮 (shikyuu); endometrium: 子宮内膜 (shikyuunaimaku); myometrium: 子宮筋層 (shikyuukinsou); uterine fundus: 子宮底 (shikyuutei); uterine body: 子宮大部 (shikyuudaibu); cervix: 子宮けい部 (shikyuukeibu); ostium: 外子宮口 (gaishikyuukou); vagina: ちつ　(chitsu); vestibule: ちつ前庭 (chitsuzentei); Bartholin`s glands: バルトリン腺 (barutorinsen); labia minor: 小陰唇 (shouinshin); labia major: 大陰唇 (daiinshin); clitoris: 陰核 (inkaku); follicle: 卵ぽう(ranpou); ovum: 卵 (ran)/ 卵子 (ranshi); follicular fluid: 卵ぽう液 (ranpoueki); corpus luteum: 黄体 (outai); corpus albicans: 白体 (hakutai)estrogen: エストロゲン (esutorogen); progesterone:プロゲステロン (purogesuteron); prolactin: 乳腺刺激ホルモン (nyuusenshigekihorumon)